COGNADOS Y FALSOS COGNADOS

COGNADO

In historical linguistics, called cognates or doublets to those terms with the same etymological origin, but with different phonetic evolution. The word derives from the Latin cognatus, from co-(with) and-Gnatus, natus, past participle of the Latin verb NASCI "born". Its literal translation would be consanguineous, with a common ancestor, or related by nature, feature or function análoga.1

For example, encyclopaedia (from the English translation) is a cognate of encyclopaedia (in Castilian). Sometimes can be written long series of cognate terms within the same family of languages​​. For example between Indo-European languages ​​have two sets of cognates

EXAMPLE:

Car = carro
Intensive = intensivo
Cup = Copa
Hospital,=a Hospital
Doctor= Doctor
Amnesia= Amnesia
Baby=Bebé
Radar,=Radar 

FALSO COGNADO

A false cognate is a word that, due to fortuitous similarities in appearance and meaning, seems to keep relationship with another word in a different language, but they really do not share the same etymological origin (not true cognates)

The typical example is that of the English verb to have ('have', 'have') and the Spanish verb like be, which, despite its seemingly obvious similarities, actually come from very different roots protoindoeuropeas: English To Have comes from * kap-('grab'), and in fact is related to our word capture, although not enough, while our belt comes from the root * ghabh protoindoeuropea ('give'), and although neither seems, is related to English to give ('give').

Normally, cognates and false friends are exceptionally may be false cognates.

  

EXAMPLE: 

  Parents = Padres (Se confunde con parientes)
Dairy = Lácteo (Se confunde con diario)
Relative = Pariente (Se confunde con relativo)
Cop = Policía (Se confunde con copa)
Character, en español significa ''personaje'', NO SIGNIFICA ''carácter''
Arena, en español significa ''estadio'', NO SIGNIFICA ''arena''
Brave, en español significa ''valiente'', NO SIGNIFICA ''bravo''
Exit, en español significa ''salida'', NO SIGNIFICA ''éxito''
Dinner, en español significa ''cena'', NO SIGNIFICA ''dinero''